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Design Graphique

How to Get Started with Adobe Photoshop in 2026

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Introduction

Adobe Photoshop remains the go-to tool for photo editing and graphic design in 2026, used by 90% of industry professionals. Whether you're an amateur photographer, beginner designer, or marketer, mastering Photoshop lets you retouch images, create eye-catching visuals, and automate repetitive tasks. This beginner tutorial guides you step by step: from exploring the interface to your first ExtendScript (JavaScript for Photoshop) scripts, plus essential tools like the brush and layers. Imagine turning a blurry photo into a pro masterpiece in 30 minutes—that's the goal. With concrete examples and copy-paste code, you'll be up and running quickly. No fluff: every step is actionable for immediate results.

Prerequisites

  • Adobe Photoshop 2026 (or recent version via Creative Cloud)
  • A computer with at least 8 GB RAM (16 GB recommended for smooth performance)
  • Basic computer skills (copy-paste, navigation)
  • No programming knowledge required: scripts are explained line by line

Step 1: Explore the Interface

Launch Photoshop. The interface is divided into the toolbar (left, icons like the rectangular selection), panels (right: layers, properties), and central workspace (canvas). Activate the Essentials workspace via Window > Workspaces. Create a new document: File > New (1920x1080 px, RGB). Think of it like a blank canvas with a toolbox at your fingertips. Navigate with Ctrl/Cmd + 0 to zoom to fit.

Script 1: Create a New Document

new-document.jsx
#target photoshop

// Create a new 800x600 px document with white background
app.documents.add(800, 600, 72, "My First Document", NewDocumentMode.RGB, DocumentFill.WHITE);

// Add a text layer
var textLayer = app.activeDocument.artLayers.add();
textLayer.kind = LayerKind.TEXT;
textLayer.textItem.contents = "Hello Photoshop!";
textLayer.textItem.position = [100, 100];
textLayer.textItem.size = 48;

app.activeDocument.save();

This ExtendScript creates an 800x600 px document with a white background, adds a 'Hello Photoshop!' text layer positioned and sized. Run it via File > Scripts > Browse. It automates initial setup, skipping manual clicks. Pitfall: Ensure Photoshop is open; otherwise, 'app undefined' error.

Step 2: Master Layers

Layers are at the heart of Photoshop: like stacked transparencies. In the Layers panel (right), duplicate a layer with Ctrl/Cmd + J. Mask one using the mask icon (rectangle with circle). Set opacity to 50% for blending. Real-world example: import an image (File > Place Embedded), duplicate it, apply Filter > Blur > Gaussian Blur to the copy for a pro effect.

Script 2: Duplicate and Mask a Layer

layer-management.jsx
#target photoshop

if (app.documents.length > 0) {
    var doc = app.activeDocument;
    var originalLayer = doc.activeLayer;
    
    // Duplicate the active layer
    var dupLayer = originalLayer.duplicate();
    dupLayer.name = "Masked Copy";
    
    // Add an empty layer mask
    var mask = dupLayer.createLayerMask();
    
    // Fill the mask with black (invisible)
    mask.apply("Fill", [0, 0, 0], 100);
    
    app.activeDocument.save();
}

This script duplicates the active layer, renames it, adds an empty mask, and fills it black to hide it. Perfect for non-destructive effects. Ensure a document is open. Pitfall: No layer selected causes an error; select one first.

Step 3: Selection and Editing Tools

Grab the Brush Tool (B) to paint, Type Tool (T) for text. Gradient Tool (G) for pro backgrounds. Example: Create an elliptical selection (Elliptical Marquee Tool), fill with blue (Edit > Fill). Undo with Ctrl/Cmd + Z. Tip: Ctrl/Cmd + D to deselect.

Script 3: Add an Automatic Gradient

auto-gradient.jsx
#target photoshop

if (app.documents.length > 0) {
    var doc = app.activeDocument;
    
    // Create a new layer
    var gradientLayer = doc.artLayers.add();
    gradientLayer.name = "Background Gradient";
    
    // Select entire canvas
    doc.selection.selectAll();
    
    // Apply linear blue-to-purple gradient
    var desc = new ActionDescriptor();
    desc.putEnumerated(charIDToTypeID("Grad"), charIDToTypeID("Grad"), charIDToTypeID("Lnr "));
    desc.putUnitDouble(charIDToTypeID("Opct"), charIDToTypeID("#Prc"), 100);
    executeAction(charIDToTypeID("Gd  "), desc);
    
    doc.selection.deselect();
    doc.activeLayer = gradientLayer;
    app.activeDocument.save();
}

This script adds a layer, selects all, and applies a linear blue-to-purple gradient using Action Manager (advanced API). Result: instant stylish background. Pitfall: Needs an open document; default gradients must exist.

Script 4: Resize the Image

resize-image.jsx
#target photoshop

if (app.documents.length > 0) {
    var doc = app.activeDocument;
    
    // Resize to 1200px width, proportional
    doc.resizeImage(1200, undefined, 72, ResampleMethod.BICUBICSHARPER);
    
    // Optimize for web (sRGB)
    doc.changeMode(ChangeMode.RGB);
    
    // Save as JPEG
    var jpgOptions = new JPEGSaveOptions();
    jpgOptions.embedColorProfile = true;
    jpgOptions.formatOptions = FormatOptions.STANDARDBASELINE;
    jpgOptions.matte = MatteType.NONE;
    jpgOptions.quality = 12;
    doc.saveAs(new File(doc.path + "/optimized.jpg"), jpgOptions);
}

Resizes the active image to 1200px wide (proportions preserved), converts to RGB, and exports optimized JPEG. Ideal for web. Pitfall: 'undefined' height keeps proportions; test on duplicates to avoid data loss.

Step 4: First Adjustments

Image > Adjustments > Curves to fix exposure (drag curve up to brighten). Levels for contrast. Example: Open a dark photo, apply Filter > Render > Clouds for texture.

Script 5: Auto-Adjust Levels

auto-levels.jsx
#target photoshop

if (app.documents.length > 0) {
    var doc = app.activeDocument;
    
    // Select all layers
    doc.activeLayer = doc.layers[0];
    
    // Auto Levels (like Ctrl/Cmd + Shift + L)
    var idLvls = charIDToTypeID("Lvls");
    var desc1 = new ActionDescriptor();
    var idDplc = charIDToTypeID("Dplc");
    desc1.putBoolean(idDplc, false);
    executeAction(idLvls, desc1, DialogModes.NO);
    
    app.activeDocument.save();
}

Applies auto levels to the background layer (automatic contrast/exposure). Matches the keyboard shortcut. Pitfall: Targets first layer; select the right one for multi-layer docs.

Script 6: Export Transparent PNG

export-png.jsx
#target photoshop

if (app.documents.length > 0) {
    var doc = app.activeDocument;
    
    // Make background transparent if present
    if (doc.layers[doc.layers.length - 1].isBackgroundLayer) {
        doc.layers[doc.layers.length - 1].isBackgroundLayer = false;
    }
    
    // PNG options
    pngFileOptions = new PNGSaveOptions();
    pngFileOptions.compression = 0;
    pngFileOptions.interlaced = false;
    
    // Save
    var pngFile = new File(doc.path + "/export-transparent.png");
    doc.saveAs(pngFile, pngFileOptions);
    alert("Exported: " + pngFile.name);
}

Converts background to regular layer if needed, exports transparent PNG (great for logos). Minimal compression for quality. Pitfall: Folder must exist; use full path otherwise.

Best Practices

  • Always work non-destructively: Use masks and adjustment layers (Layer > New Adjustment Layer).
  • Save as PSD to keep layers, export final PNG/JPG.
  • Keyboard shortcuts: B (brush), V (move), Ctrl/Cmd + T (free transform).
  • Scripts: Store in Photoshop > Scripts for quick menu access.
  • Workspace: Customize via Window > Workspace > New for efficiency.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

  • Flatten too early: Keep layers separate for edits; use History Brush for fixes.
  • Ignore resolution: 72 DPI for web, 300 DPI for print—check in Image Properties.
  • Run scripts untested: Use duplicates (Image > Duplicate).
  • Low memory: Close other apps; enable Edit > GPU Memory in Preferences.

Next Steps

Master advanced masks, actions (record macros), and 2026's integrated Firefly AI. Check our Learni graphic design courses. Resources: Adobe Scripting Docs, Photoshop Cafe Tutorials.